Changes

=== Vidhi Vimarsha ===

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

1. Assessment of panchamahabhuta in a substance can be carried out by taking into consideration, the most conspicuous characteristic of each mahabhuta. For example, gandha guna, rasa guna, rupaguna, sparsh guna and shabd guna are chief characteristics of prithvi, jala, agni, vayu and Akasha mahabhutas respectively. By these organ-specific methods, it becomes easy to assess the panchbhutika constitution of the substance. Rest of the gunas given for each mahabhuta should be clinically evaluated.

#Assessment of ''panchamahabhuta'' in a substance can be carried out by taking into consideration, the most conspicuous characteristic of each ''mahabhuta''. For example, ''gandha guna, rasa guna, rupaguna, sparsh guna'' and ''shabd guna'' are chief characteristics of ''prithvi, jala, agni, vayu'' and ''akasha mahabhutas'' respectively. By these organ-specific methods, it becomes easy to assess the ''panchbhutika'' constitution of the substance. Rest of the gunas given for each mahabhuta should be clinically evaluated.

2. The gustatory effect of the initial, as well as final contact of the drug either in the dry or wet state with the tongue, is known as rasa or taste. Rasa is the only principle of drug action which can be directly perceived (pratyaksha gamya). This is to be assessed in human volunteers by a single blind method with a performa consisting of chief characteristics of each rasa. As mentioned in Charaka Samhita (su. 26/73-79) sugarcane, milk, and sugar candy are all said to be sweet, but there is an obvious difference in the taste of these substances. So, the intensity of each rasa can be assessed by taste threshold method. Electronic tongue if developed may help to validate the information about the intensity of rasa.   

#The gustatory effect of the initial, as well as final contact of the drug either in the dry or wet state with the tongue, is known as ''rasa'' or taste. ''Rasa'' is the only principle of drug action which can be directly perceived (''pratyaksha gamya''). This is to be assessed in human volunteers by a single blind method with a performa consisting of chief characteristics of each ''rasa''. As mentioned in [[Charaka Samhita]] (su. 26/73-79) sugarcane, milk, and sugar candy are all said to be sweet, but there is an obvious difference in the taste of these substances. So, the intensity of each ''rasa'' can be assessed by taste threshold method. Electronic tongue if developed may help to validate the information about the intensity of ''rasa''.   

3. Veerya and vipaka are inferred through the activities or final effects (karma) produced by intake of drug/diet.

3. Veerya and vipaka are inferred through the activities or final effects (karma) produced by intake of drug/diet.

4. Vipaka is a pharmacokinetic principle, and its activities are referred at the level of koshtha (mutra and purisha), dhatu (Shukra) and doshas. Rasa and veerya are pharmacodynamic principles. Assessment of veerya and vipaka are to be evaluated clinically.

4. Vipaka is a pharmacokinetic principle, and its activities are referred at the level of koshtha (mutra and purisha), dhatu (Shukra) and doshas. Rasa and veerya are pharmacodynamic principles. Assessment of veerya and vipaka are to be evaluated clinically.